A Noxious Gas Purificant and Its Preparation and Purification Method Thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a noxious gas purificant and its preparation and purification method for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams thereof. The preparing method is characterized in that: mixing, according to a predetermined ratio and a process, a salt of iron, manganese, cobalt, or copper, and a related derivative thereof, an alkali or alkaline substance and a related derivative thereof, water and a forming agent, so as to obtain a solid compound or mixture; drying and activating the solid compound or mixture to produce a solid product as the purificant; and introducing the purificant into a gas-solid reactor, and removing noxious gases in a gas stream by performing, in a preconfigured temperature and using the purificant, a gas-solid reaction on the harmful gases in the gas stream. The purificant can be recycled and reused.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Human activities produce noxious gases such as nitrogen oxides (NO_(x),including NO and NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), most of which areproduced by fossil fuel combustion, followed by nitric acidmanufacturing, nitrification of chemical and pharmaceutical industries,metal surface and semiconductor treatment processes. Nitrogen oxides andsulfur dioxide are toxic to human beings and large amount emissions ofthese pollutants are one of the main causes of atmospheric photochemicalfogs and acid rains. Statistics show that the contribution of nitrogenoxides in urban acid rain has been increasing continuously in China.Therefore much more stringent laws and regulations have been enacted onthe emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, especially for theemissions from thermal power plant and other fossil combustionprocesses.

Generally, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases fromfossil fuel combustion, such as thermal power plants, is from aboutseveral hundreds to several thousands parts per million (ppm), of whichmore than 90% is nitric oxide (NO). At present, selective catalyticreduction (SCR) is one of the major methods to remove NO_(x) from fluegases. But the catalyst works at a strict operating condition, andammonia or urea is needed as the reductive agent. When the flue gasescontain sulfides and dusts, the catalyst may be degraded after a periodof operation, and the operation cost will be higher for coal-fueledthermal power plants. Wet method using a variety of liquids to absorbNO_(x) from gas stream is the major treatment for emission at lowtemperature. However, when the flue gas contains much more nitric oxide,due to its low solubility in water solution, the removal efficiency islow, and the operating costs are also high due to the consumption ofexpensive reducing agents or oxidants.

Harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides are also emitted from exhaustgases of vehicles and ships using internal combustion engines as powersources, which is the main source of atmospheric photochemical smog inurban area. With the increasing amount of vehicle retention, the airpollution problem becomes more and more serious. In particular, thetreatment of the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides emitted from exhaustgas using diesel internal combustion engines is difficult and costly. Atpresent, most of the treatment technologies are concentrated on thecatalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the development ofnew purification technologies for the control of nitrogen oxidesdischarged form flue gases or exhaust gases is urgently needed.

Solid adsorbents can be used to adsorb and remove nitrogen oxides in thegas stream, and the sorbent can be recycled after desorption andregeneration. China patent ZL 921028954 disclosed an alumina adsorbentand its preparation method thereof for adsorbing sulfur dioxide andnitrogen oxides in exhaust gas at low temperature, whose activeingredients are alkali or alkaline earth metal, and silica is as thestabilizer. China patent publication No. CN 101326004A disclosed anormal temperature NO_(x) sorbent which is composed of a carriercontaining an oxide of Co, Fe, Cu, Ce, or Mn and a metal catalystcontaining Co, Cu, Ag, or Pd. U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,463 disclosed asorbent which has a main component of a mixture of manganese oxide andaluminum oxide and loaded with potassium carbonate. However, thepreparation of the above adsorbent is complicated, and most of them needto be obtained by filtration, drying and roasting after liquid phasepreparation, and the regeneration of the sorbent is difficult afterdeactivation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a noxious gaspurificant, its preparation and purification method thereof, which areused to remove nitrogen oxides from gas streams.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a noxious gas purificant and its preparationand purification method thereof, in particular to remove nitrogen oxidesin a gas stream, and belongs to the technical field of air pollutioncontrol and related environmental protections.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The principal technical problem to be solved by the present invention isto provide a noxious gas purificant (hereinafter referred to aspurificant) and a preparation method thereof for the removal of nitrogenoxides from gas streams, which has the characteristics of high activity,convenient preparation and high removal efficiency. Another technicalproblem to be solved by the present invention is to provide apurification method and apparatus for said purificant, which has thecharacteristics of simple operation, high processing efficiency, largeprocessing gas volume, and low running cost.

The composition of said purificant includes one or any two or more ofcomponent L: iron, cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two or moreof component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, one or two or more of component Q: sulfate, chloride andcarbonate radical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, and Ecomponent of oxygen (which does not include oxygen in sulfate radical,carbonate radical, hydroxyl, and water), wherein the mass percentage ofeach component in the purificant is component L from 4 to 96%, componentH from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 75%,and component E from 0 to 35%. Among them, the iron or cobalt ormanganese or copper element and their hydroxyl compounds or oxides orcorresponding complex compounds in the purificant play a major role forthe removal of nitrogen oxides, and sodium, potassium and lithium in thepurificant play a catalytic role. Calcium, barium and magnesium andtheir oxides or hydroxyl compounds or related salts play the role asadsorbing assistants and forming agents. Said oxygen of component Eincludes the oxygen both in metal oxides and oxy compounds.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component B: sodium, potassium and lithium, component C:sulfate radical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water,component E: oxygen (excluding oxygen in sulfate, hydroxyl, and water),wherein the mass percentage of each component in the purificant iscomponent A from 10 to 96%, component B from 1 to 60%, component C from1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 40%, and component E from 0.5 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component B: sodium, potassium and lithium, one or any two ormore of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium, component C:sulfate, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, component E:oxygen (excluding oxygen in sulfate radical and hydroxyl), wherein themass percentage of each component is component A from 10 to 96%,component B from 1 to 60%, component F from 1 to 75%, component C from 1to 75%, component D from 1 to 40%, component E from 0.5 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium, component C:sulfate, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, component E:oxygen (excluding oxygen in radical and hydroxyl), wherein the masspercentage of each component is component A from 5 to 96%, component Ffrom 1 to 75%, component C from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 40% andcomponent E: from 0 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium, component G:chlorine, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, and componentE: oxygen (excluding oxygen in the hydroxyl), wherein the masspercentage of each component is component A from 5 to 96%, component Ffrom 1 to 75%, component G from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 40%, andcomponent E from 0 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component B: sodium, potassium and lithium, one or any two ormore of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium, component G:chlorine, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, and componentE: oxygen (excluding oxygen in the hydroxyl group), wherein the masspercentage of each component is component A: from 5 to 96%, component Bfrom 1 to 60%, component F from 1 to 75%, component G from 1 to 75%,component D from 1 to 40%, and component E from 0 to 35%.

The purificants is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, component G: chlorine, one or two of component D: hydroxyland water, wherein the mass percentage of each component is component Afrom 5 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75%, component G from 1 to 60%, andcomponent D from 1 to 50%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, component M: carbonate radical, one or two of component D:hydroxyl and water, and component E: oxygen (excluding oxygen incarbonate radical, hydroxyl and water), wherein the mass percentage ofeach component is component A from 4 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75%,component M from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 75%, and component E of0 from 0.1 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, component M: carbonate radical, one or two of component D:hydroxyl and water, wherein the mass percentage of each component iscomponent A from 4 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75, component M from 1to 75%, and component D from 1 to 75%.

The purificant is mainly composed of one or any two or more of componentP: cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two or more of component H:sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and magnesium, one or anytwo or more of component Q: sulfate, chlorine and carbonate, one or twoof component D: hydroxyl and water, and component E: oxygen (excludingoxygen in sulfate, carbonate, hydroxyl, and water), wherein the masspercentage of each component is component P from 4 to 96%, and componentH from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 75%,component E from 0.1 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of one or any two or more of componentP: cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two or more of component H:sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and magnesium, one or anytwo or more of component Q: sulfate, chlorine and carbonate; one or twoof component D: hydroxyl and water, wherein the mass percentage of eachcomponent is component P from 4 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75%,component Q from 1 to 75%, and component D from 1 to 75%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component P: cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two ormore of component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, one or any two or more of component Q: sulfate, chlorine andcarbonate radical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, andcomponent E: oxygen (excluding oxygen in sulfate, carbonate, hydroxyland water), wherein the mass percentage of each component is component Aand P from 4 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to75%, component D from 1 to 75%, component E from 0.1 to 35%.

The purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any twoor more of component P: cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two ormore of component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, one or any two or more of component Q: sulfate, chlorine andcarbonate radical, and one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water,wherein the mass percentage of each component is component A and P from4 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to 75% andcomponent D from 1 to 75%.

Above said purificant is a solid compound or a mixed solid compound.

A preparation method of said purificant is to mix material U, material Vand water (If said material U or V is a hydrate, no water or less wateris needed, the same below) in a mixing reactor at a certain ratio, andduring the mixing process, chemical reactions happen among the materialsU, V and water (the temperature of materials may be heated to a certaindegree to accelerate the reaction). Generally, the above mixing reactionis an exothermic process, so that the temperature of the reactor mayhave a certain degree rise. After the mixing reaction, the obtainedproduct will be dried or dried and activated further, and the finalobtained solid product is the purificant of present invention. Among thematerials for making the purificant, said material U is one or any twoor more of the salts of sulfate, chloride and carbonate of component L:ferrous (II) or iron (III), cobalt (II), manganese (II), copper (I) orcopper (II), or one or any two or more of basic salts, acid salts,complex salts, polymeric compounds, coordination compounds and relatedcompounds of said salts, which includes ammonium ferrous sulfate,ammonium ferrous chloride, basic ferric sulfate, basic ferric chloride,oxy basic ferric sulfate, ammonium ferric sulfate, cuprous sulfate,cuprous chloride, basic cupric sulfate, basic copper chloride, copperammonium sulfate, copper ammonium chloride, basic manganese sulfate,basic manganese chloride, ammonium manganese sulfate, ammonium manganesechloride, basic cobalt sulfate, basic cobalt chloride, ammonium cobaltsulfate, ammonium cobalt chloride, polyferric aluminum sulfate,polyaluminum ferric chloride, potassium iron sulfate, ferroushydrogencarbonate and tetraammine copper sulfate. Material V is one orany two or more of the hydroxides and carbonates of the component B, theoxides, hydroxides and carbonates of the component F, and related acidsalts, basic salts and complex salts, which includes sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide,magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesiumhydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassiumcarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, Lithium carbonate, lithiumhydrogencarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, basiccalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium hydrogencarbonate, magnesiumcarbonate, magnesium hydrogen carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate,ammonium acid carbonate and aluminum magnesium carbonate. The carbonatesof the component B or the component F is less effective than othercarbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate which arewater-soluble and strongly alkaline.

A preparation method of said purificant comprises the following methodsof (a) to (i).

(a) The material of ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more of thehydroxides of said component B, and water are mixed at a certain ratioin a mixing reactor. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried ordried and activated sequentially, and the final obtained solid productis said purificant; or said purificant is obtained by mixing ferroushydroxide, one or any two or more of the sulfates of component B, andwater according to above same procedures.

(b) The material of ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more of thehydroxides of said component B, and water are mixed at a certain ratioin a mixing reactor. After the mixing reaction, the product is thenmixed with one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides ofcomponent F, and then is dried or dried and activated sequentially, andthe final obtained solid product is said purificant; or said purificantis obtained by mixing ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more hydroxidesof said component B, one or any two or more oxides or hydroxides ofcomponent F, and water according to above same procedures; or saidpurificant is obtained by mixing ferrous hydroxide, one or any two ormore of the sulfates of component B, one or any two or more of theoxides or hydroxides of component F, and water according to above sameprocedures.

(c) The material of ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more of theoxides and hydroxides of said component F, and water are mixed in amixing reactor at a certain ratio. After the mixing reaction, theproduct is dried or dried and activated sequentially, and the finalobtained solid product is said purificant; or the said purificant isobtained by mixing ferrous hydroxide, one or any two or more of thesulfates of component F, and water according to above same procedures.

(d) The material of ferrous chloride, one or any two or more of oxidesand hydroxides of said component F, and water are mixed at a certainratio in a mixing reactor. After the mixing reaction, the product isdried or dried and activated sequentially, and the final obtained solidproduct is said purificant; or the said purificant is obtained by mixingferrous hydroxide, one or any two or more of the sulfates of componentF, and water according to above same procedures.

(e) The material of ferrous chloride, one or any two or more of thehydroxides of said component B, and water are mixed in a mixing reactorat a certain ratio. After the mixing reaction, the product is then mixedwith one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides of component F,and then is dried or dried and activated sequentially, and the finalobtained solid product is said purificant; or said purificant isobtained by mixing ferrous chloride, one or any two or more of thehydroxides of said component B, one or any two or more of the oxides orhydroxides of component F, and water according to above same procedures;or said purificant is obtained by mixing ferrous hydroxide, one or anytwo or more of the chlorides of component B, one or any two or more ofthe oxides or hydroxides of component F, and water according to abovesame procedures.

(f) The material of ferric chloride, one or any two or more of thehydroxides of said component B, and water are mixed at a certain ratioin a mixing reactor. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried ordried and activated sequentially, and the final obtained solid productis said purificant; or said purificant is obtained by mixing ferricchloride, one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides ofcomponent F, and water according to above same procedures; or saidpurificant is obtained by mixing ferric chloride, one or any two or moreof the hydroxides of component B, one or any two or more of the oxidesand hydroxides of component F, and water according to above sameprocedures.

(g) The material of ferrous carbonate, one or any two or more of thehydroxides of said component B, and water are mixed at a certain ratioin a mixing reactor. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried ordried and activated sequentially, and the final obtained solid productis said purificant; or said purificant is obtained by mixing ferrouscarbonate, one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides ofcomponent F, and water according to the same procedures; or saidpurificant is obtained by mixing ferrous carbonate, one or any two ormore of the hydroxides of said component B, one or any two or more ofthe oxides or hydroxides of component F, and water according to abovesame procedures.

(h) Material W, material Y, and water are mixed at a certain ratio in amixing reactor. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried or driedand activated sequentially, and the final obtained solid product is saidpurificant. Said material W is one or any two or more of the salts ofsulfate, chloride and carbonate of component P, and said material Y isone or any two or more of the hydroxides of said component B; or saidpurificant is obtained by mixing the material W, the material F, andwater according to above same procedures, wherein material F is one orany two or more of oxides and hydroxides and carbonates of component F;or said purificant is obtained by mixing the material W, the material Y,the material F, and water according to above same procedures.

(i) Or the purificant is obtained by mixing material X, the material W,the material Y and water according to above same procedures, whereinsaid material X is one or any two or more of the sulfates, chlorides andcarbonates of the component A of iron; or said purificant is obtained bymixing the material X, the material W, the material F, and wateraccording to above same procedures; or said purificant is obtained bymixing the material X, the material W, the material Y, the material F,and water according to above same procedures.

A preparation method of said purificant is to mix one or any two or moreof the hydroxides and complex compounds of component L, one or any twoor more of the sulfates and chlorides and carbonate and correspondingbasic and acid salts and complex salts of component H, and water in amixing reactor at a certain ratio, wherein said hydroxides and complexcompounds include ferrous hydroxide, iron hydroxide, manganese (II)hydroxide, cobalt (II) hydroxide, copper hydroxide, cuprous hydroxide,cupricpper tetramminohydroxide and cobalt tetramminohydroxide; saidbasic and acid salts and complex salts include sodium hydrogen sulfate,potassium hydrogen sulfate, lithium hydrogen sulfate, calcium hydrogensulfate, barium hydrogen sulfate, magnesium hydrogen sulfate, sodiumhydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, lithiumhydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, barium hydrogencarbonate,Magnesium bicarbonate, basic calcium carbonate, basic magnesiumcarbonate, aluminum magnesium carbonate, potassium aluminum sulfate andpotassium iron sulfate; said hydroxides may also replaced bycorresponding carbonates, basic carbonates, basic sulfates and basicchloride, which includes ferrous carbonate, iron carbonate, manganesecarbonate, basic cobalt acid, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate,basic aluminum magnesium carbonate, basic ferric sulfate, polyferricchloride, oxy basic ferric sulfate, basic copper sulfate, basic copperchloride, basic manganese sulfate, basic manganese chloride, basiccobalt sulfate, basic cobalt chloride, polymeric aluminum sulfate andpolymeric aluminum-ferric chloride. After the mixing reaction, themixture is dried or dried and activated sequentially, and the finalobtained solid product is said purificant.

In the preparation of said purificant, the stoichiometric reaction moleratio of the sulfates, chlorides and carbonates of components A and P tothe hydroxides of component B, and/or oxides, hydroxide and carbonate ofcomponent F is about from 1:0.5 to 1:3, depending on the metal valencein the compound. There is no special requirement of the mole ratio inpractical use, which is generally greater than the ratio of 1:0.1, andthe preferable value is between 1:0.3 and 1:10, and an appropriateexcess of sulfates, chlorides and carbonates of the component A and P ispreferred.

When the substitute materials of sulfates, chloride and carbonate ofcomponent A and P, the substitute materials of the hydroxides ofcomponent B, and the substitute materials of the oxides, hydroxides andcarbonates of component F are adopt, the mole ratio of the amount ofeach material can be referred to above dosage ratio. When the materialsof the salts of said component A and P are acid salts, the dosage of thebasic substances of component B or F may be increased appropriately, orit may use in combination with other alkaline materials, and vice versa.

In the preparation of the purificant according to the present invention,the same type of materials may be used in combination, and the effect ofthe obtained product is substantially equivalent. The main objective ofadding water in the purificant preparation is to enable the materialswet and mixing and reacting thoroughly. There is no special requirementfor the amount of water addition, and generally from 1 to 20 times ofthe total amount of the materials (molar ratio), preferably from 3 to 10times. With the increase of water addition, the drying process mayconsume more energy, and when the material are hydrates, no water or asmall amount of water may be needed.

The drying process of said purificant may adopt by heating, and thetemperature is generally 40° C. or higher, preferably from 60° C. to450° C., and the highest temperature may be as same as the activatingtemperature. The drying time may be shorter under a negative pressure orvacuum condition. Generally, after drying or dehydrating process, thewater content in the product is about 10% or less. The activatingprocess is carried out at a certain temperature, generally 100° C. orhigher, the maximal up to 1200° C. or more, preferably from 150° C. to750° C., depending on the difference of material used. Generally, whenthe purificatant mainly contains iron or cobalt, the activatingtemperature may be higher, and it may be lower, when the purificant ismainly consisted of manganese or copper. Drying and activating can becarried out in one step, or in separate steps, and the result is almostthe same. Generally, the activating temperature should be lower than thedecomposition temperature of relative salts. When the activationtemperature exceeds the decomposition temperature of said salts, thesalts may be decomposed to oxides. The purificant may be molded beforebeing dried and activated, and a certain amount of molding agent may beadded. If the product after mixing reaction contains much more water andis not easily to be molded, it may be pre-dried to a certain value ofwater content (about 15-30% of total content) and then be molded to therequired shapes such as honeycombs, plates and granules. Drying andactivating can be carried out in inert gases such as air or nitrogen orunder negative pressure, or in the presence of reducing agents toprevent the oxidation of low-valent metals in the product. The reducingagents mainly include hydrogen, hydrocarbons such as methane andformaldehyde, ammonia or urea, and carbon monoxide. The amount of thereducing agent added is not particularly required. During the activatingprocess, when the gas component in gas stream is no longer changed, theactivating process is regarded to be completed, and the obtained solidproduct is a kind of said purificant. Heating can be carried out byvarious heating means such as electric furnace, heat conducting medium,electromagnetic and microwave, and the effect is equivalent.

In the preparation of said purificant, the sulfate or chloride ofcomponent A and P may be replaced by the combination of correspondingmetals or oxides or salts thereof and hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acidsolution. The hydroxides of component A and P may be replaced by thecombination of the salts of corresponding metals and alkali solutionssuch as ammonia. For example, the material of ferrous sulfate can bereplaced by the combination of iron or ferrous oxide or ferrous sulfideand dilute sulfuric; the material of manganese chloride can be obtainedby reacting manganese oxide with hydrochloric acid; ferric chloride canbe obtained by reacting iron phosphate with hydrochloric acid, andfurther to obtain iron hydroxide by adding calcium hydroxide andfiltering off the water content. The hydroxides of alkali metals ofcomponent B can also be obtained by the reaction of corresponding metaloxides with water, and the metal oxides of alkaline earth metalcomponent F can be obtained by the decomposition of their correspondingcarbonates. The effect of the purificant prepared by the combination ofthe above materials in place of the corresponding materials is the sameas the preparation method mentioned above.

In the preparation process of the purificant of the present invention, acertain amount of a molding agent may be added. The molding agentincludes one or any two or more of oxides and hydroxides and sulfatesand carbonates of component F, and all related derivatives (includingacid or basic or polymeric compounds or complex salts or coordinationcompounds, etc.), clay and silicate (such as calcium silicate, magnesiumsilicate or aluminum silicate, etc.). The main purpose of adding moldingagent is to absorb water in the product and to form easily, and can actas an adsorption auxiliary. The molding agent may be added to the mixingreactor simultaneously with other materials, or before drying andactivating of the product, and the effect is equivalent. The additionamount of molding agent depends on the need, generally from 1 to 85% ofthe volume of total material. The other preparation processes are thesame as above. The molding of purificant is similar to the preparationof an industrial catalyst or an adsorbent. For details, refer to therelevant chemical engineering manuals.

In the preparation of the purificant of the present invention, one orany two or more of the metals and their oxides of component A and P maybe added as a compounding agent, and the content of the compoundingagent is generally less than 95% of total amount. The compounding agentdoes not participate in the mixing reaction in the preparation process,but it may play a catalytic role in the purification process.

In the preparation of the purificant of the present invention, a certainamount of organic solvent may be added into the materials before thedrying and activating process, wherein the said organic solvent mainlyincludes acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol or propanol and others.The addition amount of the solvent is no special requirement, where thevolume ratio of organic solvent to the material is generally 1 to 1 orless. The solvent will volatilize after heating, so that the specificsurface of the purificant can be increased, resulting in the increase ofpurification efficiency.

In the preparation of the purificant of the present invention, a smallamount of transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide, tungstentrioxide, vanadium pentoxide, rare earths, or palladium, platinum orother noble metals may be added into the purificant as a catalyticassistant. The content of the metal oxides is generally less than 10%,and the noble metal is generally less than 0.5% in the purificant. Theeffect of these metal oxides or noble metals is substantiallyequivalent.

In the preparation of the purificant of the present invention, thepurificant may also be loaded on a general-purpose catalyst carrier suchas alumina particles or honeycomb ceramics, and the preparation is alsosimilar to the preparation of the related catalyst.

The purification method of said purificant of present invention is tointroduce the purificant obtained from the above preparation processesinto a gas-solid reactor, and the nitrogen oxides in gas streams can beadsorbed by the purificant so as to achieve the purpose of gaspurification.

A gas-solid reactor, such as a fixed bed, a moving bed, an ebullatedbed, a fluidized bed or a circulating fluidized bed reactor can beadopted in present invention, which are commonly used in chemicalprocesses, and the flow of gas and solid purificant in the reactor canbe arranged in the way of entrain flow, counterflow, cross flow andother flow forms. The effect of the above arrangements is roughly thesame. For more details of the reactor structure, the relevant chemicalreaction equipment manuals may be consulted.

A circulating fluidized bed gas-solid reactor used in present invitationcomprises a column body, a gas inlet, and a purificant adding port. Thepurificant particles can be added by means of mechanical feeding orpneumatic feeding method, and the effect is equivalent. A gas flowdistributor is arranged above the gas inlet in the column. The upperpart of the column body is provided with a connecting pipe, which iscommunicated with a gas-solid separator. After gas-solid separation inthe gas-solid separator, the purified gas flow is discharged from theupper part of the gas-solid separator, and the used purificant particlesare discharged from the bottom of the gas-solid separator. Part of thedischarged purificant may be returned to the reactor again for furtherreaction (the range can be from 0 to 100%).

A countercurrent moving bed gas-solid reactor used in present invitationcomprises a column body, a gas inlet, a purificant adding port, a gasoutlet, and a purificant discharge port. The gas inlet is communicateswith the gas outlet through a gas-solid reaction zone in the column, andthe purificant adding port is communicates with purificant dischargeport through the gas-solid reaction zone and a purificant recovery zone.The treatment process is carried out by introducing the gas stream fromthe gas inlet to the column and at the same time the purificant wasadded into the column by the purificant inlet port. In the gas-solidreaction zone, the gas-solid adsorption chemical reaction betweennitrogen oxide in the gas stream and the purificant takes place. Thepurified gas stream is discharged from the gas outlet at the upper partof the reactor, and the used purificant is discharged from thepurificant discharge port.

A fixed bed gas-solid reactor used in present invitation comprises acolumn body, a gas inlet, a gas flow distributor, a purificant fillinglayer in the column, a purificant adding port, a purificant dischargeport, and a gas outlet. The gas inlet communicates with the gas outletthrough the gas flow distributor and the void of the purificant fillinglayer. The treatment process is carried out by introducing gas streamfrom the gas inlet to the purificant filling layer through the gas flowdistributor. In the purificant filling layer, the gas-solid adsorptionchemical reaction between nitrogen oxide in the gas stream and thepurificant takes place. The purified gas stream is discharged from thegas outlet at the upper part of the reactor, and the used purificant canbe periodically discharged from the purificant discharge port.

The working temperature of the purificant of the present invention isgenerally above 60° C., and the highest temperature is the same as thehighest activation temperature of the purificant, and the preferredtemperature range is from 200° C. to 500° C. The working temperature maybe higher using the purificant containing mainly iron or cobalt, and itmay be lower if the purificant mainly contains manganese and copper. Ifthe temperature of the gas stream entering the gas-solid reactor islower than 60° C., the purificant should be activated by heating at thetemperature of 100° C. or higher in advance. Generally, the gas-solidcontact time of the nitrogen oxide and the purificant in the reactor isabout 0.05 s or more. The removal of NO_(x) increases with the increaseof gas-solid contact time in the reactor, and the preferable gas-solidcontact time is from 0.2 s to 20 s. The theoretical molar ratio of thepurificant to the nitrogen oxide is about 1:0.5 to 1:2 according to thecontent of component A and P in purficant, and which is also related tothe content of component B and F in the purificant and the structure ofthe purificant. In practical operation, the dosage of the purificant canbe determined according to characteristics of the purificant, reactiontemperature, gas-solid contact time, removal requirements, and otherrelative factors. For a circulating fluidized bed gas-solid reactor, themolar ratio of the purificant to the nitrogen oxide is generally 1 ormore (based on the component of A and P), and the larger the molarratio, the better the removal on the nitrogen oxides, preferably from 5to 100. For the reactors such as fixed bed, moving bed and ebullatingbed, there is no specific requirement for the dosage of the purificant,and added as needed. The particle size and structure of the purificantcan be also selected according to different reactors. The solid particleof purificant can be used for the fluidized bed, the moving bed and theebullating bed, and the particle size is selected generally from 0.01 mmto 20 mm, which can be referred to the chemical design manual of thecorresponding reactor. For fixed bed, spherical, flat or honeycombceramic shape can be selected.

In the remove of nitrogen oxides by using said purificant, the effect ofthe purificant mainly composed of manganese or copper of component P isthe best, and mainly composed of iron of component A or cobalt ofcomponent P is slightly worse. When the gas stream contains a relativehigh concentration of carbon dioxide, it is preferred to use thepurificant prepared by carbonates.

The used purificant can be regenerated by desorption in an inert gassuch as air or nitrogen at a certain temperature, or can be regeneratedin the presence of a reducing agent. The reducing agent includeshydrocarbons such as hydrogen and methane, carbon oxyhydroxide such asformaldehyde, ammonia and urea, and carbon monoxide. The regenerationtemperature is usually 150° C. or higher, and may be lower under anegative pressure. The regeneration temperature is equivalent to theactivating temperature of said purificant, and may be higher than theactivating temperature, preferably from 450° C. to 850° C. Theregeneration temperature may be higher for the purificant containingsulfate, and lower for the chloride in purificant. The purificant afteradsorbing only NO_(x) can be regenerated by desorption, and it afteradsorbing both nitrogen oxides and SO₂ can be regenerated in thepresence of a reducing agent, and the regeneration temperature can behigher.

The gas stream according to present invention is a nitrogenoxide-containing flue gas which includes exhaust gases from fossil fuelcombustion, such as thermal power generation, building material andsmelting industries, and from various types of vehicle and marineinternal combustion engines, and other relative industrial processes.Said nitrogen oxides or nitrogen oxide is nitric oxide or mainly nitricoxide.

Compared with the prior art, the instant invention has the advantagesthat nitrogen oxide in gas stream can be removed by gas-solid adsorptionreaction in a certain range of temperature, thereby achieving gaspurification, and the used purificant can be recycled by regeneration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a circulating fluidized bedgas-solid reactor.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a countercurrent moving bedgas-solid reactor.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fixed bed gas-solid reactorgas-solid reactor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The instant invention is further described in detail below withreference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The examples areillustrated by using the compound of ferrous sulfate of material A as arepresentative, and other similar compounds of materials A and P areexemplified. Material H is represented by an alkali metal hydroxide oran alkaline earth metal oxide and hydroxide, and other compounds ofmaterial H are exemplified.

Example 1

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous sulfate, sodiumhydroxide and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:0.1:2(molar ratio, same below). After the mixing reaction (about 10-30minutes, same below, maybe some different for different materials), theproduct is dried and activated in air sequentially. Drying temperatureis about 40 to 60° C. and lasting for about 3 hours to remove the watercontent in the product. Activating temperature is about 100° C. When thegas component in the gas stream is no longer changed, the activationprocess is completed, and the obtained solid product is one purificantof present invention.

Example 2

A preparation method of the purificant: add cobalt sulfate heptahydrateand sodium hydroxide to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:1. Afterthe mixing reaction, the product is dried and activated in airsequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C. and lasting forabout 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 150° C. When the gascomponent in the gas stream is no longer changed, the activation processis completed, and the obtained solid product is one purificant ofpresent invention.

Example 3

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous sulfate heptahydrateand sodium hydroxide to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:2. Afterthe mixing reaction, the product is dried and activated in nitrogen gassequentially. Both the drying and activating temperature is the same ofabout 250° C. and lasting for about 2 hours (including activation). Theobtained solid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 4

A preparation method of the purificant: add manganese sulfatetetrahydrate and lithium hydroxide to a mixing reactor at a ratio ofabout 1:3. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried and activatedin nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C.and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 350° C.When the gas component in the gas stream is no longer changed, theactivation process is completed, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 5

A preparation method of the purificant: add copper sulfate pent hydrateand potassium hydroxide to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:2.After the mixing reaction, the product is dried and activated in airsequentially. Both the drying and activating temperature is about 450°C. and lasting for about 1 hour (including activation). The finalobtained solid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 6

A preparation method of purificant: add ferrous sulfate heptahydrate,sodium carbonate and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:1:2and heat appropriately. After the mixing reaction, the product is driedand activated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about60 to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature isabout 450 to 500° C. When the gas component in the gas stream is nolonger changed, the activation process is completed, and the obtainedsolid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 7

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous hydroxide, sodiumsulfate and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:1:3. Afterthe mixing reaction, the product is dried in the temperature range ofabout 60 to 95° C. under a reduced pressure and lasting for about 1hour. The sequential activation is performed in nitrogen gas at thetemperature of 450° C. When the gas component in the gas stream is nolonger changed, the activation process is completed, and the obtainedsolid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 8

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous carbonate, potassiumhydroxide, sodium sulfate and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio ofabout 1:2:1:5. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried andactivated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about550° C. When the gas component in the gas stream is no longer changed,the activation process is completed, and the obtained solid product isone purificant of present invention.

Example 9

A preparation method of purificant: add manganese carbonate, sodiumhydroxide, calcium sulfate and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio ofabout 1:2:1:5. After the mixing reaction, the product is dried andactivated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about500° C. When the gas component in the gas stream is no longer changed,the activation process is completed, and the obtained solid product isone purificant of present invention.

Example 10

A preparation method of purificant: add basic copper carbonate, sodiumsulfate and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:1:5. Afterthe mixing reaction, the product is dried in nitrogen gas and activatedin air sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C. andlasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 500° C. Whenthe gas component in the gas stream is no longer changed, the activationprocess is completed, and the obtained solid product is one purificantof present invention.

Example 11

A preparation method of the purificant: add about 20% the volume of theproduct obtained by mixing manganese sulfate tetrahydrate and potassiumhydroxide before drying in above example 4, and the other operationsteps are the same. The final obtained solid product is a purificant ofpresent invention.

Example 12

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous sulfate, ammoniawater (concentration about 35%) and calcium sulfate to a mixing reactorat a ratio of about 1:1:2. After the mixing reaction, precipitate andremove the clear water layer. The solid product is then dried andactivated in air sequentially. Drying temperature is about 40 to 60° C.and lasting for about 3 hours. Activating temperature is about 450° C.When the gas component in the gas stream is no longer changed, theactivation process is completed, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 13

A preparation method of the purificant: each solution (about 50% water)of ferric sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, cobalt chloride,manganese chloride or copper chloride is respectively mixed with sodiumhydroxide in a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:1.5. After themixing reaction, calcium carbonate (30% of the amount of above productafter mixing reaction) is added into the mixing reactor as a moldingagent. The solid product is then dried and activated in nitrogen gassequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C. and lasting forabout 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 450° C. When the gascomponent in the gas stream is no longer changed, the activation processis completed, and the obtained solid product is one purificant ofpresent invention.

Example 14

A preparation method of said purificant: add ferrous sulfateheptahydrate, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfatetetrahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate and potassium hydroxide to amixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:1:1:1:8. After the mixing reaction,the product is dried and activated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Dryingtemperature is about 60 to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours.Activating temperature is about 550° C. When the gas component in gasstream is no longer changed, the activation process is completed, andthe obtained solid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 15

A preparation method of said purificant: add titanium dioxide solidpowder (anatase phase) to the product after the mixing reaction in aboveexample 3 (the amount of titanium dioxide added occupied a 10% of theweight of total material). After mixing reaction, the product is driedin temperature range of about 40 to 60° C. under a reduced pressure andlasting for about 2 hour. The sequential activation is performed innitrogen gas at 350° C. When the gas component in gas stream is nolonger changed, the activation process is completed, and the obtainedsolid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 16

A preparation method of said purificant: add kaolin (also called clay)as a molding agent and iron powder as a compounding agent to the productafter the mixing reaction in above Example 3, the dosage of kaolin isabout 20% of the weight of total material, and iron powder is about 95%.After completely mixing, the mixture is preformed to the shape ofhoneycomb cylinder with the dimensions of 50 mm in diameter and 50 mmlong, and 15 holes (each 3 mm in diameter) uniformly distributed acrossthe section of the honeycomb cylinder, and then dried and activated innitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C. andlasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 350° C. Thefinal obtained product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 17

A preparation method of said purificant: add 0.1% (by mass) of palladiumpowder to the product after the mixing reaction in above example 3together with porous alumina particles (about 3 mm in diameter) with thesame volume of the product. After mixing reaction, the mixture is driedand activated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about60 to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature isabout 300° C. The final obtained solid product is one purificant ofpresent invention.

Example 18

A preparation method of the purificant: add calcium sulfate dihydrate asa molding agent to the product after the mixing reaction in aboveexample 14, the dosage of calcium sulfate dihydrate is about 15% of theweight of total material. After mixing reaction, the mixture ispreformed to the shape of honeycomb cylinder as the same dimension as inexample 16, and then dried and activated in nitrogen gas sequentially.Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours.Activating temperature is about 350° C. The final obtained product isone purificant of present invention.

Example 19

A circulating fluidized bed gas-solid reactor is shown in FIG. 1. Thereactor comprises a column body (4), a gas inlet (1) which is providedat the lower part of the column body, and a purificant adding port (3)is arranged in the middle part of the column body. A gas streamdistributor (2) is arranged above the gas inlet in the column. The upperpart of the column body is provided with a connecting pipe (5), which iscommunicated with a gas-solid separator (7); the upper part of thegas-solid separator is provided with a gas outlet (6), and the bottom ofthe gas-solid separator is provided with a purificant discharge port (9)and a purificant return port (8) connects to the column body; the lowerpart and the bottom of the column body are provided with an inspectionport (10) and a bottom purificant discharge port (11), respectively.

The treatment process is carried out by introducing the gas stream fromthe gas inlet (1) into the column body (4) through the gas distributor(2) and the purificant particles into the column body (4) through thepurificant adding port (3) as well. With the mixing of gas and solidparticles in the column, the gas-solid adsorption reaction takes place,and nitrogen oxide in gas stream is adsorbed by the purificant. Then themixture of gas and solid products are led into the gas-solid separator(7) through the connecting pipe (5) for gas-solid separation, and thenthe cleaned gas stream is discharged from the gas outlet (6), and a partof unreacted purificant particles discharged from gas-solid separator(7) may be fed back to the column body (4) through the purificant returnport (8) to participate in the gas-solid reaction again, and theremaining part of the particles may be discharged through the purificantdischarge port 9. A bottom purificant discharge port (11) is alsoprovided for discharging excess solid particles in the column.

The dimension of the circulating fluidized bed gas-solid reactor is 60mm in diameter and 2500 mm in height, using 316L stainless steel as thematerial. The gas stream is composed of oxygen about 8% by volume,moisture about 10% by volume, nitrogen oxides (containing about 95% NO)500 ppm, and the balance nitrogen gas. The gas flow rate is about 5 m³/h(gas-solid contact time in the column is estimated from about 0.05 s to3 s). The purificants prepared in examples 1-15 are respectively used,and the average particle diameter of the purificant is about 0.5 mm. Theamount of the purificant added into the reactor by a mechanical meteringfeeder with a feeding rate of about 2-3 kg/h, and the temperature of thepurificant after imported is the same as the temperature of the gas inthe reactor. The product particles separated by the gas-solid separator(cyclone separator) are not returned to the reactor.

When the temperatures of gas stream introduced to the column are 100°C., 250° C., 350° C., 450° C. and 550° C., respectively, theexperimental results show the gas outlet NO_(x) concentrations (in ppm,same below) are: 461, 422, 381, 390 and 423 (example 1); 442, 323, 193,101 and 283 (example 2); 423, 235, 71, 57 and 225 (example 3); 416, 215,65, 56 and 245 (example 4); 395, 154, 55, 43 and 265 (example 5); 422,147, 60, 56 and 216 (example 6); 466, 234, 197, 239 and 296 (example 7);419, 193, 45, 29 and 231 (example 8); 396, 149, 53, 47 and 263 (example9); 392, 187, 53, 42, and 255 (example 10); 393, 194, 57, 51 and 235(example 11); 436, 210, 73, 87 and 263 (example 12); 425, 233, 64, 66and 252 (using ferric sulfate, example 13); 195, 223, 54, 61 and 222(using ferrous chloride, example 13); 215, 243, 74, 91 and 262 (usingferric chloride, example 13); 442, 247, 76, 81 and 293 (using cobaltchloride, example 13); 412, 207, 66, 78 and 305 (using manganesechloride, example 13); 395, 177, 56, 80 and 335 (using copper chloride,example 13); 411, 177, 56, 48 and 231 (example 14); 415, 217, 67, 54 and212 (example 15).

Example 20

A countercurrent moving bed gas-solid reactor is shown in FIG. 2. Itcomprises a column body (4), a gas inlet (1) which is arranged at alower part of the column body, a purificant adding port (3) and a gasoutlet (6) which are separately arranged at the upper part of the columnbody, and a purificant discharge port (9) which is provided at thebottom of the column. The gas inlet (1) is communicates with the gasoutlet through a gas-solid reaction zone (12) in the column, and thepurificant adding port (3) is communicates with purificant dischargeport (9) through the gas-solid reaction zone (12) and a purificantrecovery zone (13). The column body (4) has a diameter of 60 mm and aheight of 1500 mm, using 316L stainless steel as the material, and aneffective height of the gas-solid reaction zone (12) is about 1000 mm.

The treatment process is carried out by introducing the gas stream fromthe gas inlet (1) into the column body (4) and the purificant particlesinto the column body (4) through purificant adding port (3) as well.With the mixing of gas and purificant particles in the gas-solidreaction zone (12), the gas-solid adsorption reaction between nitrogenoxides and purificant takes place. The purified gas is then dischargedfrom gas outlet (6), and the solid particles after reaction aredischarged from the purificant discharge port (9) through the purificantrecovery zone (13).

The carrier gas is air at room temperature, and the relative humidity ofair is about 70%. The concentration of nitrogen monoxide in the gasstream is about 450 ppm, and the gas flow rate is about 1 m³/h, and thegas-solid contact time in the reactor is about 3 to 15 s. The purificantwith an average particle diameter of about 0.5 mm prepared in example 5was adopted, and the addition amount of the purificant is about 2 kg/h.When the temperatures of gas stream in the reactor were about 60° C.,250° V, 350° C. and 450° C., respectively, the experimental resultsshowed that the NO concentration (ppm) of the gas outlet was 435, 43, 12and 35, respectively.

Example 22

A fixed bed gas-solid adsorption reactor is shown in FIG. 3. Itcomprises a column body (4), a gas inlet (1) which is provided at thelower part of the column body, a gas flow distributor (2) which isarranged above the gas inlet in the column body, a purificant fillinglayer (14) which is arranged above the gas flow distributor, apurificant adding port (3) which is arranged above the purificantfilling layer, a purificant discharge port (9) which is arranged at thelower part of the purificant filling layer, and a gas outlet (6) at theupper part of the column body. The gas inlet (1) communicates with thegas outlet (6) through the gas flow distributor (2) and the void of thepurificant filling layer (14). The column body (4) has a diameter of 60mm and a height of 1500 mm, using 316L stainless steel as the material.

The treatment process is carried out by introducing the nitrogenoxide-containing gas stream from the gas inlet (1) to the purificantfilling layer (14) through the gas flow distributor (2). In thepurificant filling layer (14), the gas-solid adsorption reaction betweennitrogen oxide and the purificant takes place. The purified gas streamis discharged from the gas outlet (6) at the upper part of the reactor,and the used purificant can be periodically discharged from thepurificant discharge port (9).

Two kinds of molded purificants of alumina supported purificant andhoneycomb purificant prepared in examples 16 to 18 were used,respectively. The bulk density of both purificants is about 1500 kg/m³,and the filling height of the purificant in the reactor was about 200mm, and the outer wall of the reactor was heat insulated.

A simulating gas stream of automobile exhaust gas was tested, whereinthe concentration of the pollutants in the gas stream are about 350 ppmof nitric oxide (NO), about 50 ppm of sulfur dioxide, 10% of carbondioxide (volume, the same below), about 150 mg/m³ of carbon monoxide andhydrocarbons, and oxygen content of 1%. The gas flow rate is about 1.5m³/h with a gas residence time of about 0.3 s to 3 s. When thetemperatures of gas stream into the reactor are about 150° C., 300° C.,400° C. and 550° C., respectively, the experimental results of the gasoutlet concentrations of pollutants are as follows: Using the honeycombpurificant in example 16, NO_(x) concentrations (ppm) are about 322,275, 265 and 285; SO₂ concentrations (ppm) are about 42, 55, 43 and 46;carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon concentration (mg/m³) are about 66, 25,0 and 0. Using alumina supported purificant in example 17, NO_(x)concentrations (ppm) are about 276, 125, 106, and 202; SO₂ concentration(ppm) are about 15, 18, 40, and 47; carbon monoxide and hydrocarbonconcentrations (mg/m³) are about 57, 4, 0, and 0. Using the honeycombpurificant in example 18, the gas outlet concentrations were NO_(x)(ppm) of about 182, 33, 42 and 175, SO₂ (ppm) of about 9, 12, 35 and 45,respectively, and the concentration of both carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (mg/m³) are about 31, 1, 0, and 0, respectively. Since theamount of the purificant added to the reactor is fixed, the removal ofthe harmful substances in gas stream may be varied with the consumptionof the purificant, and the concentrations showed above is the value whenthe maximum removal is achieved.

Example 23

In the reactor of example 22, the purificant particles of example 14after used in the test of example 19 was regenerated in air. The gasflow rate of air stream is about 1 m³/h; the temperature of gas streamin the reactor is about 600° C., and the regenerating time is about 1hour. The regeneration is completed when the outlet gas composition nolonger changes.

Example 24

In the reactor of example 22, the honeycomb purificant of example 18after used in the test of example 22 was regenerated in nitrogen gas.The gas flow rate of the gas stream is about 1 m³/h with 1% carbonmonoxide as a reducing agent. The temperature of the gas stream in thereactor is about 750° C., and the reaction time is about 1 hour. Theregeneration is completed when the outlet gas composition no longerchanges.

Example 25

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous sulfateheptahydrate, calcium oxide and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio ofabout 1:2:1. After the mixing reaction, the product is then dried andactivated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about750° C. with 0.5% of methane as a reducing agent. When the gas componentin gas stream is no longer changed, the activation process is completed,and the obtained solid product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 26

A preparation method of the purificant: add copper sulfate pentahydrate,barium hydroxide and water to a mixing reactor at a ratio of about1:1.5:1. After the mixing reaction the product is then dried andactivated in air sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C.and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 500° C.When the gas component in gas stream is no longer changed, theactivation process is completed, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 27

A preparation method of the purificant: add manganese sulfatetetrahydrate, calcium carbonate and water to a mixing reactor at a ratioof about 1:1:2. After the mixing reaction, the product is then dried andactivated in air sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C.and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 450° C.When the gas component in gas stream is no longer changed, theactivation process is completed, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 28

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous carbonate, manganesecarbonate and basic copper carbonate to a mixed reactor with magnesiumhydroxide, sodium sulfate and water at a ratio of about 1:2:1:6,respectively. After the mixing reaction, the product is then dried andactivated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about550° C. When the gas component in gas stream is no longer changed, theactivation process is completed, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 29

A preparation method for the purificant: each solution (about 50% water)of the solution of ferric sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride,cobalt chloride, manganese chloride and copper chloride is respectivelymixed with calcium oxide in a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:3.After the mixing reaction, the product is then dried and activated innitrogen gas sequentially. The other operation procedure is the same asin example 26, and the obtained solid product is one purificant ofpresent invention.

Example 30

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous sulfateheptahydrate, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfatetetrahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate and calcium oxide to a mixingreactor at a ratio of about 1:1:1:1:6. The other operation procedure isthe same as in example 28, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 31

A preparation method of said purificant: add clay as a molding agent tothe product after the mixing reaction in above example 29 with a dosageof about 30% of the weight of total material. After completely mixing,the mixture is preformed to the shape of honeycomb cylinder with thesame dimensions in example 16, and then dried and activated in nitrogengas sequentially. The drying temperature is about 150° C. and lastingfor about 1 hour. The activating temperature is about 550° C. The finalobtained product is one purificant of present invention.

Example 32

The reactor is the same as used in example 19. The purificants preparedin examples 25-30 are adopted, which have an average particle diameterof about 0.5 mm, and the amount of purificant added to the reactor isabout 2-3 kg/h. Other operating conditions are the same as in example19. When the temperatures of gas stream introduced to the column are250° C., 350° C., 450° C. and 550° C., respectively, the results showthe gas outlet NO_(x) concentrations (ppm) are: 320, 122, 81 and 393(example 25); 310, 102, 75 and 380 (example 26); 336, 149, 105

392 (example 27); 305, 123, 71 and 315 (using ferrous carbonate, example28); 295, 113, 65 and 285 (using manganese carbonate, example 28); 285,103, 51 and 290 (using basic copper carbonate, example 28); 325, 143, 94and 320 (using iron sulfate, example 29); 312, 127, 89 and 313 (usingferrous chloride, example 29); 321, 135, 92 and 331 (using ferricchloride, example 29); 341, 167, 121 and 335 (using cobalt chloride,example 29). 290, 87, 89 and 333 (using manganese chloride, example 29);289, 83, 95 and 353 (using copper chloride, example 29); and 285, 68, 66and 315 (example 30).

Example 33

The reactor is the same as used in example 20. The concentration ofnitric oxide in the gas stream is about 450 ppm, and the concentrationof sulfur dioxide is about 500 ppm, and the gas flow rate is about 1m³/h. the purificant prepared in examples 30 is adopted, which has anaverage particle diameter of about 0.5 mm, and the amount of addition isabout 2-3 kg/h. Other operating conditions are the same as in theexample 20. When the inlet gas temperature is 150° C., 300° C., 450° C.and 600° C., the result shows that NO_(x) concentration (in ppm) of thegas outlet is 190, 62, 45 and 335, respectively, and the concentrationof SO₂ (in ppm) is 169, 265, 355 and 475, respectively.

Example 34

The reactor is the same as used in example 22. The purificant preparedin example 31 is adopted. Other operating conditions are the same as inthe example 22. When the inlet gas temperature is 150° C., 300° C., 450°C. and 600° C., the gas outlet concentrations of pollutants are 195, 72,65 and 225 for NO_(x) (ppm), respectively, and 10, 17, 35 and 46 for SO₂(ppm), respectively, and 65, 8, 0, and 0 for carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (mg/m³), respectively.

Example 35

In the reactor of example 22, the purificant particles of example 30after used in the test of example 32 was regenerated in air. The gasflow rate of air stream is about 1 m³/h; the temperature of gas streamin the reactor is about 600° C., and the regenerating time is about 1hour. The regeneration is completed when the outlet gas composition nolonger changes.

Example 36

In the reactor of example 22, the purificant of example 31 after use wasregenerated in nitrogen gas. The gas flow rate is about 1 m³/h with areducing gas of 0.5% methane. The temperature of the gas stream in thereactor is about 700° C., and the reaction time is about 2 hours. Theregeneration is completed when the outlet gas composition no longerchanges.

Example 37

A preparation method of said purificant: add ferrous sulfateheptahydrate, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfatetetrahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate respectively to a mixedreactor with potassium hydroxide and calcium oxide at a ratio of about1:1:3. After the mixing reaction, the product is then dried andactivated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature is about 40to 60° C. and lasting for about 3 hours. Activating temperature is about550° C. When the gas component in gas stream is no longer changed, theactivation process is completed, and the obtained solid product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 38

A preparation method of said purificant: add ferrous sulfateheptahydrate, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfatetetrahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate respectively to a mixedreactor with sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate at a ratio of about1:1:3. After the mixing reaction, the product is then dried andactivated in air sequentially. Drying temperature is about 60 to 95° C.and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 600° C.Other operation procedure is the same with above examples.

Example 39

A preparation method of said purificant: add ferrous carbonate,manganese carbonate and basic copper carbonate respectively to a mixingreaction with potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and water at aratio of about 1:2:2:6. After the mixing reaction, the product is thendried and activated in nitrogen gas sequentially. Drying temperature isabout 60 to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperatureis about 550° C. Other operation procedures are the same with aboveexamples.

Example 40

A preparation method of said purificant: add iron sulfate, cobaltsulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate and copper sulfatepentahydrate respectively to a mixing reactor with potassium carbonateand water at a ratio of about 1.5:1:3. After the mixing reaction,calcium oxide (10% of the total amount of the product) is added into themixing reactor as a molding agent. Other operation procedures are thesame with example 39.

Example 41

A preparation method of said purificant: The solution (about 50% water)of ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, cobalt chloride, manganesechloride and copper chloride is mixed with sodium hydroxide and carbonicacid in a mixing reactor at a ratio of about 1:2:2, respectively. Afterthe mixing reaction, the product is then dried and activated in nitrogengas sequentially. Drying temperature is in the range of about 60 to 95°C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activating temperature is about 500°C. The final obtained solid product is one purificant of presentinvention.

Example 42

A preparation method of the purificant: the products obtained aftermixing reaction in example 38 are preformed to honeycomb cylinders withthe same dimensions as in example 16, respectively, and then dried andactivated in a nitrogen gas, sequentially. Drying temperature is in therange of about 60 to 95° C. and lasting for about 2 hours. Activationtemperature is about 650° C. The final obtained product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 43

The reactor is the same as used in example 19. The purificants preparedin examples 37-41 are adopted, which have an average particle diameterof about 0.5 mm, and the amount of purificant added to the reactor isabout 2-3 kg/h. The concentration of carbon dioxide in gas stream isabout 10% by volume and other operating conditions are the same as inexample 19. When the temperatures of gas stream introduced to the columnare 250° C., 350° C. and 450° C., respectively, experimental resultshows that the NO_(x) concentrations (ppm) at gas outlet are: 251, 65,and 93 (using ferrous sulfate heptahydrate in example 37); 276, 85 and103 (using cobalt sulfate heptahydrate in example 37); 191, 55

123 (using manganese sulfate tetrahydrate in example 37); 201, 52 and115 (using copper sulfate pentahydrate in example 37); 195, 55 and 82(using ferrous carbonate in example 39); 172, 49 and 113 (usingmanganese carbonate in example 39); 167, 42 and 95 (using basic coppercarbonate, example 39); 265, 85 and 143 (using iron sulfate in example40); 286, 95 and 163 (using cobalt chloride in example 40); 201, 65 and133 (using manganese sulfate tetrahydrate in example 40); 191, 62 and145 (using copper sulfate pentahydrate in example 40). When thepurificants of example 38 are used, the effects are approximately thesame as the purificants of example 37, but lasting longer. When thepurificants of example 41 are used, the effects are approximately thesame as the purificant of example 38.

Example 44

The reactor is the same as used in example 20. The pollutant-carryinggas is a simulated flue gas. The composition of the sample gas is 450ppm of NO, 500 ppm of SO₂, 10% of CO₂, and 10% water content. The gasflow rate is about 1.5 m³/h. The purificants prepared in example 38 areadopted, which has an average particle diameter of about 0.5 mm, and theamount of addition is about 2-3 kg/h. Other operating conditions are thesame as in the example 20. When the inlet gas temperatures are 200° C.,300° C. and 400° C., the gas outlet concentrations of NO_(x) and SO₂ (inppm) are: 220, 85 and 95 (NO_(x)), and 151, 105 and 343 (SO₂),respectively, when ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is used; 195, 55 and 90(NO_(x)), 145, 95 and 325 (SO₂), respectively, when manganese sulphatetetrahydrate is used; 165, 45 and 86 (NO_(x)), 171, 125 and 363 (SO₂),respectively, when copper sulfate pentahydrate is used.

Example 45

The reactor is the same as used in example 22. The purificant preparedin example 42 is adopted. Other operating conditions are the same as inthe example 22. When the inlet gas temperatures are 150° C., 250° C.,350° C. and 450° C., the minimum gas outlet concentrations of pollutantsare: 172, 75 55 and 65 for NO_(x) (ppm), 7, 16, 36 and 46 for SO₂ (ppm),and 52, 10, 0 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (mg/m³) (usingferrous sulfate heptahydrate as a material), respectively; 205, 145, 95and 85 for NO_(x) (ppm), 8, 18, 37 and 47 for SO₂ (ppm), and 55, 15, 0and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (mg/m³) (using cobalt sulphateheptahydrate as a material), respectively; 162, 55, 45 and 65 for NO_(x)(ppm), 5, 10, 26 and 457 for SO₂ (ppm), and 37, 5, 0 and 0 for carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon (mg/m³) (using manganese sulfate tetrahydrateferrous as a material), respectively; 152, 45, 35 and 45 for NO_(x)(ppm), 6, 15, 30 and 46 for SO₂ (ppm), and 32, 5, 0 and 0 for carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon (mg/m³) (using copper sulfate pentahydrate as amaterial), respectively.

Example 46

In the reactor of example 22, the used honeycomb purificants prepared inexample 42 are regenerated in nitrogen gas. The gas flow rate is about 1m³/h, and with 1% methane in the gas stream as reducing agent. Thetemperature of the gas stream in the reactor is about 750° C., and theregeneration time is about 2 hours.

Example 47

In the reactor of example 22, the used purificant particles of example42 in example 43 were regenerated in air. The gas flow rate of airstream is about 1 m³/h. The temperature of gas stream in the reactor isabout from 500 to 700° C. (some different for different purificants) andthe regeneration time is about 1 hour.

Example 48

A preparation method of the purificant: dissolve ferrous acetate, ferricnitrate, manganese nitrate and cobalt acetate in water, respectively,and then add sodium hydroxide into above solutions at a mole ratio of2:1 to obtain metal hydroxides respectively. After filtration to removewater layer, the precipitate is mixed with calcium oxide in an equalmolar amount. After mixing reaction, the product is preformed tohoneycomb cylinder with the same dimensions as in example 16, and thendried and activated in air. Drying temperature is about 60-95° C.lasting about 2 hours, and activating temperature is about 600° C. Thefinal obtained product is one purificant of present invention, and theeffect is equivalent to the similar purificants.

Example 49

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous hydroxide, ironhydroxide, manganese hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, copper hydroxide andcuprous hydroxide respectively to a mixing reactor with sodium sulfate,calcium oxide and water at a ratio of about 1:1:3:6. Other operationprocedures are the same with example 39.

Example 50

The reactor is the same as used in example 19. The purificants preparedin example 49 are adopted, which have an average particle diameter ofabout 0.5 mm, and the amount of purificant added to the reactor is about2-3 kg/h. Other operating conditions are the same as in example 19. Whenthe temperatures of gas stream introduced to the column are 250° C.,350° C. and 450° C., respectively, the NO_(x) concentrations (ppm) ofgas outlet are: 241, 145, and 93 (using ferrous hydroxide as amaterial); 262, 160 and 85 (using iron hydroxide as a material); 181, 72

96 (using manganese hydroxide as a material); 267, 155 and 136 (usingcobalt hydroxide as a material); 191, 65 and 112 (using copper hydroxideas a material); 187, 57 and 119 (using cuprous hydroxide as a material).

Example 51

A preparation method of said purificant: add ferrous hydroxide, ironhydroxide, manganese hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, copper hydroxide andcuprous hydroxide respectively to a mixing reactor with sodium sulfate,calcium carbonate and water at a ratio of about 1:1:3:6. Other operationprocedures are the same with example 42. The final obtained product isone purificant of present invention, and the effect is equivalent tothat of similar purificants.

Example 52

A preparation method of said purificant: add ferrous hydroxide, ironhydroxide, manganese hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, copper hydroxide andcuprous hydroxide respectively to a mixing reactor with sodium chloride,calcium carbonate and water at a ratio of about 1:1:3:6. Other operationprocedures are the same with example 39 (activating temperature is aboutin the range of 500 to 600° C.). The final obtained product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 53

The reactor is the same as used in example 22. The purificants preparedin example 52 are adopted. Other operating conditions are the same as inthe example 22. When the inlet gas temperatures are 250° C., 350° C. and450° C., the minimum gas outlet concentrations of pollutants are: 191,76 and 85 for NO_(R) (ppm, the same below), 16, 26 and 46 for SO₂ (ppm,the same below), and 25, 0 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon(mg/m³, the same below) (using ferrous hydroxide as a material),respectively; 205, 81 and 95 for NO_(R), 17, 29 and 47 for SO₂, and 27,0 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using ferric hydroxide as amaterial), respectively; 115, 45 and 65 for NO_(R), 5, 11, 25 and 42 forSO₂, and 15, 0 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (usingmanganese hydroxide as a material), respectively; 195, 81 and 85 forNO_(R), 21, 36 and 47 for SO₂, and 25, 0 and 0 for carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (using cobaltous hydroxide as a material), respectively. 93,35 and 58 for NO_(R), 21, 35 and 46 for SO₂, and 15, 0 and 0 for carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon (using copper hydroxide as a material),respectively; 85, 26 and 55 for NO_(R), 20, 31 and 46 for SO₂, and 16, 0and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using cuprous hydroxide as amaterial), respectively.

Example 54

In the reactor of example 22, the honeycomb purificants after use inexample 53 are regenerated in nitrogen gas. The operation conditions arethe same as in example 46. When the gas components in the gas stream nolonger change, regeneration is completed.

Example 55

A preparation method of the purificant: add iron hydroxide, manganesehydroxide, cupric tetramminohydroxide and cobalt tetraamminohydroxiderespectively to a mixing reactor with calcium carbonate and water at aratio of about 1:3:4. Other operation procedures are the same withexample 42, except that the activation temperature is 500° C. The finalobtained product is one purificant of present invention, and the effectis equivalent to similar purificants.

Example 56

The reactor is the same as used in example 22. The purificants preparedin example 55 are adopted. Other operating conditions are the same as inthe example 22. When the inlet gas temperatures are 250° C., 350° C. and450° C., the minimum gas outlet concentrations of pollutants are: 225,110 and 145 for NO_(R) (ppm, the same below), 25, 31 and 45 for SO₂(ppm, the same below), and 36, 7 and 0 for carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (mg/m³, the same below) (using ferric hydroxide as amaterial), respectively; 195, 69 and 115 for NO_(R), 15, 30 and 43 forSO₂, and 25, 6 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (usingmanganese hydroxide as a material), respectively; 255, 161 and 185 forNO_(R), 15, 27 and 45 for SO₂, and 31, 10 and 0 for carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (using cobalt tetraamminohydroxide as a material),respectively. 193, 85 and 188 for NO_(R), 20, 32 and 46 for SO₂, and 23,5 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using cuprictetramminohydroxide as a material), respectively.

Example 57

A preparation method of the purificant: add ferrous hydrogen carbonate,iron carbonate, oxy basic ferric sulfate, basic manganese chloride,basic cobalt sulfate, and polyaluminium ferric chloride respectively toa mixing reactor with sodium carbonate, calcium silicate and water at aratio of about 1:2:1:6. Other operation procedures are the same withexample 42. The final obtained product is one purificant of presentinvention, and the effect is equivalent to similar purificants.

Example 58

The reactor is the same as used in example 22. The purificants preparedin example 57 are adopted. Other operating conditions are the same as inthe example 22. When the inlet gas temperatures are 200° C., 300° C. and400° C., the minimum gas outlet concentrations of pollutants are: 147,61 and 85 for NOx (ppm, the same below), 21, 37 and 45 for SO₂ (ppm, thesame below), and 55, 35 and 10 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon(mg/m³, the same below) (using ferrous hydrogen carbonate as amaterial), respectively; 175, 90 and 108 for NO_(R), 25, 38 and 46 forSO₂, and 65, 36 and 12 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using ironcarbonate as a material), respectively; 155, 54 and 77 for NO_(R), 20,34 and 43 for SO₂, and 55, 35 and 10 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon(using oxy basic ferric sulfate as a material), respectively; 138, 51and 75 for NO_(R), 15, 25 and 39 for SO₂, and 35, 20 and 0 for carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon (using basic manganese chloride as a material),respectively; 168, 73 and 90 for NO_(R), 29, 36 and 46 for SO₂, and 53,30 and 12 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using basic cobaltsulfate as a material), respectively; 263, 105 and 176 for NO_(R), 25,40 and 48 for SO₂, and 87, 52 and 220 for carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (using polyaluminium ferric chloride as a material),respectively. The regeneration of the used purificant is the same withabove examples.

Example 59

A preparation method of the purificant: add ammonium ferrous sulfate,ammonium cobalt chloride, ammonium manganese chloride, cuprous chloride,polyferric aluminum sulfate, potassium iron sulfate, and cuprictetramminosulfate ferrous to a mixing reactor with sodium hydroxide,calcium oxide and water at a ratio of about 1:1:3:6, respectively. Otheroperation procedures are the same with example 42, except that theactivation temperature is 550° C. The final obtained product is onepurificant of present invention.

Example 60

The reactor is the same as used in example 22. The purificants preparedin example 59 are adopted. Other operating conditions are the same as inexample 22. When the inlet gas temperatures are 250° C., 350° C. and450° C., the minimum gas outlet concentrations of pollutants are: 248,73 and 83 for NO_(R) (ppm, the same below), 22, 25 and 45 for SO₂ (ppm,the same below), and 55, 20 and 1 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon(mg/m³, the same below) (using ammonium ferrous sulfate as a material),respectively; 265, 88 and 92 for NO_(R), 25, 31 and 46 for SO₂, and 49,21 and 1 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using ammonium cobaltchloride as a material), respectively; 191, 54 and 79 for NO_(R), 23, 30and 41 for SO₂, and 41, 15 and 0 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon(using ammonium manganese chloride as a material), respectively; 185, 52and 78 for NO_(R), 27, 35 and 45 for SO₂, and 35, 12 and 0 for carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon (using cuprous chloride as a material),respectively; 278, 161 and 155 for NO_(R), 29, 37 and 47 for SO₂, and65, 33 and 5 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using polyferricaluminum sulfate as a material), respectively; 258, 143 and 160 forNO_(R), 29, 39 and 48 for SO₂, and 63, 35 and 7 for carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon (using potassium iron sulfate as a material), respectively;191, 67 and 86 for NO_(R), 25, 33 and 45 for SO₂, and 56, 25 and 0 forcarbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (using cupric tetramminosulfate ferrousas a material), respectively. The regeneration of the used purificant isthe same with in above examples.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative ofthe technical aspects of the present invention, and the scope of thepresent invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that the technical solutions recited in theembodiments may be modified within the spirit and principles of thepresent invention, or any equivalent of any of the technical featurestherein may be replaced, modified, changed and improved, are to beincluded within the scope of the present invention.

1. A gas purificant for the removal of nitrogen oxides which includenitric oxide or mainly nitric oxide from a gas stream, wherein thecomposition of said purificant includes one or any two or more ofcomponent L: iron, cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two or moreof component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, one or two or more of component Q: sulfate, chloride andcarbonate radical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, andcomponent E of oxygen which does not include oxygen in sulfate radical,carbonate radical, hydroxyl, and water, wherein the mass percentage ofeach component in the purification is component L from 4 to 96%,component H from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to 75%, component D from 1to 75%, and component E from 0 to 35%.
 2. A purificant according toclaim 1, wherein the purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron,one or any two or more of component B: sodium, potassium and lithium,component C: sulfate radical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl andwater, component E: oxygen (excluding oxygen in sulfate, hydroxyl, andwater), wherein the mass percentage of each component in the purificantis component A from 10 to 96%, component B from 1 to 60%, component Cfrom 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 40%, and component E from 0.5 to35%.
 3. A purificant according to claim 1, wherein the purificant ismainly composed of component A: iron, one or two or any more ofcomponent B: sodium, potassium and lithium, one or any two or more ofcomponent F: calcium, magnesium and strontium, component C: sulfateradical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, component E:oxygen (excluding sulfate radical and oxygen in hydroxyl, and water),wherein the mass percentage of each component in purificant is componentA from 10 to 96%, component B from 1 to 60%, component F from 1 to 75%,and component C from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 40% and component Efrom 0.5 to 35%.
 4. A purificant according to claim 1, wherein thepurificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any two ormore of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium, component C: sulfateradical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, component E:oxygen (excluding oxygen in radical and hydroxyl), wherein the masspercentage of each component is component A from 5 to 96%, component Ffrom 1 to 75%, component C from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 40% andcomponent E: from 0 to 35%.
 5. A purificant according to claim 1,wherein the purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one orany two or more of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium, componentG: chlorine, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, andcomponent E: oxygen (excluding oxygen in hydroxyl group), wherein themass percentage of each component is component A from 5 to 96%,component F from 1 to 75%, component G from 1 to 75%, component D from 1to 40%, and component E from 0 to 35%.
 6. A purificant according toclaim 1, wherein the purificant is mainly composed of component A: iron,one or any two or more of component B: sodium, potassium and lithium,one or any two or more of component F: calcium, magnesium and barium,component G: chlorine, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water,and component E: oxygen (excluding oxygen in hydroxyl), wherein the masspercentage of each component is component A from 5 to 96%, component Bfrom 1 to 60%, component F from 1 to 75%, component G from 1 to 75%,component D from 1 to 40%, and component E from 0 to 35%.
 7. Apurificant according to claim 1, wherein the purificant is mainlycomposed of component A: iron, one or any two or more of component H:sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and magnesium, component G:chlorine, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, wherein themass percentage of each component is component A from 5 to 96%,component H from 1 to 75%, component G from 1 to 60%, and component Dfrom 1 to 50%.
 8. A purificant according to claim 1, wherein thepurificant is mainly composed of component A: iron, one or any two ormore of component H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium andmagnesium, component M: carbonate radical, one or two of component D:hydroxyl and water, and component E: oxygen (excluding oxygen incarbonate radical, hydroxyl and water), wherein the mass percentage ofeach component is component A from 4 to 96%, component H from 1 to 75%,component M from 1 to 75%, component D from 1 to 75%, and component E of0 or from 0.1 to 35%.
 9. (canceled)
 10. A purificant according to claim1, wherein the purificant is mainly composed of one or any two or moreof component P: cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two or more ofcomponent H: sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and magnesium,one or any two or more of component Q: sulfate, chlorine and carbonateradical, one or two of component D: hydroxyl and water, and component E:oxygen (excluding oxygen in sulfate, carbonate, hydroxyl, and water),wherein the mass percentage of each component is component P from 4 to96%, component H from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to 75%, component Dfrom 1 to 75%, and component E of 0 or from 0.1 to 35%.
 11. (canceled)12. A purificant according to claim 1, wherein the purificant is mainlycomposed of component A: iron, one or any two or more of component P:cobalt, manganese and copper, one or any two or more of component H:sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, barium and magnesium, one or anytwo or more of component Q: sulfate, chlorine and carbonate radical, oneor two of component D: hydroxyl and water, and component E: oxygen(excluding oxygen in sulfate, carbonate, hydroxyl and water), whereinthe mass percentage of each component is components A and P from 4 to96%, component H from 1 to 75%, component Q from 1 to 75%, component Dfrom 1 to 75%, component E of 0 or from 0.1 to 35%.
 13. (canceled)
 14. Apreparation method of the purificant according to claim 1, wherein thepurificant is prepared by drying at the temperature of 40° C. or aboveor drying at the temperature of 40° C. or above and activating at thetemperature of 100° C. or above of the mixture of material U, material Vand water, wherein material U is one or any two or more of the salts ofsulfates, chlorides and carbonates of component L: iron (II) or iron(III), cobalt (II), manganese (II), copper (I) or copper (II), or one orany two or more of basic salts, acid salts, complex salts, polymericcompounds, coordination compounds and related compounds of said salts,which includes ammonium ferrous sulfate, ammonium ferrous chloride,basic ferric sulfate, basic ferric chloride, oxy basic ferric sulfate,ammonium ferric sulfate, cuprous sulfate, cuprous chloride, basic cupricsulfate, basic copper chloride, copper ammonium sulfate, copper ammoniumchloride, basic manganese sulfate, basic manganese chloride, ammoniummanganese sulfate, ammonium manganese chloride, basic cobalt sulfate,basic cobalt chloride, ammonium cobalt sulfate, ammonium cobaltchloride, polyferric aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum ferric chloride,potassium iron sulfate, ferrous hydrogencarbonate and tetraammine coppersulfate; wherein material V is one or any two or more of the hydroxidesand carbonates of sodium, potassium and lithium, one or any two or moreof oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of calcium, barium and magnesium,and one or any two or more of related compounds of acid salts, basicsalts and complex salts, which includes sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesiumoxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodiumcarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassiumhydrogencarbonate, Lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogencarbonate, calciumcarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, basic calcium carbonate, bariumcarbonate, barium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesiumhydrogencarbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate and aluminum magnesium carbonate.
 15. A preparation method ofthe purificant according to claim 14, wherein the preparation methodincludes: said purificant which is obtained by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more ofthe hydroxides of said component B, and water; or by drying or dryingand activating of the mixture of ferrous hydroxide, one or any two ormore of the sulfates of component B, and water; or said purificant whichis obtained by drying or drying and activating of the mixture of ferroussulfate, one or any two or more of the hydroxides of said component B,and water, and one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides ofsaid component F; or by drying or drying and activating of the mixtureof ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more hydroxides of said componentB, one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides of component F,and water; or by drying or drying and activating of the mixture offerrous hydroxide, one or any two or more of the sulfates of componentB, one or any two or more of the oxides or hydroxides of component F,and water; or said purificant which is obtained by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of ferrous sulfate, one or any two or more ofthe oxides and hydroxides of said component F, and water; or by dryingor drying and activating of the mixture of ferrous hydroxide, one or anytwo or more of the sulfates of component F, and water; or saidpurificant which is obtained by drying or drying and activating of themixture of ferrous chloride, one or any two or more of oxides andhydroxides of said component F, and water; or by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of ferrous hydroxide, one or any two or moreof the sulfates of component F, and water; or said purificant which isobtained by drying or drying and activating of the mixture of ferrouschloride, one or any two or more of the hydroxides of component B, andwater, and one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides of saidcomponent F; or by drying or drying and activating of the mixture offerrous chloride, one or any two or more of the hydroxides of componentB, one or any two or more of the oxides or hydroxides of component F,and water; or by drying or drying and activating of the mixture offerrous hydroxide, one or any two or more of the chlorides of componentB, one or any two or more of the oxides or hydroxides of component F,and water; or said purificant which is obtained by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of ferric chloride, one or any two or more ofthe hydroxides of component B, and water; or by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of ferric chloride, one or any two or more ofthe oxides or hydroxides of component F, and water; or by drying ordrying and activating of the mixture of ferric chloride, one or any twoor more of the hydroxides of component B, one or any two or more of theoxides or hydroxides of component F, and water; or said purificant whichis obtained by drying or drying and activating of the mixture of ferrouscarbonate, one or any two or more of the hydroxides of component B, andwater; or by drying or drying and activating of the mixture of ferrouscarbonate, one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides ofcomponent F, and water; or by drying or drying and activating of themixture of ferrous carbonate, one or any two or more of the hydroxidesof component B, one or any two or more of the oxides and hydroxides ofcomponent F, and water; or said purificant which is obtained by dryingor drying and activating of the mixture of material W, material Y, andwater, wherein material W is one or any two or more of the salts ofsulfates, chlorides and carbonates of component P, and material Y is oneor any two or more of the hydroxides of component B; or which isobtained by drying or drying and activating of the mixture of thematerial W, material F, and water, wherein material F is one or any twoor more of oxides and hydroxides and carbonates of component F; or whichis obtained by drying or drying and activating of the mixture of thematerial W, the material Y, the material F, and water; or saidpurificant which is obtained by drying or drying and activating of themixture of material X, the material W, the material Y and water, whereinsaid material X is one or any two or more of the sulfates, chlorides andcarbonates of the component A of iron; or by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of the material X, the material W, thematerial F and water; or by drying or drying and activating of themixture of the material X, the material W, the material Y, the materialF, and water.
 16. A preparation method of the purificant according toclaim 14, wherein said purificant is obtained by drying or drying andactivating of the mixture of one or any two or more of the hydroxidesand complex compounds of the component L, one or any two or more of thesulfates and chlorides and carbonate and corresponding basic and acidsalts and complex salts of the component H, and water, wherein saidhydroxides and complex compounds of said component L include ferroushydroxide, iron hydroxide, manganese (II) hydroxide, cobalt (II)hydroxide, copper hydroxide, cuprous hydroxide, cuprictetramminohydroxide and cobalt tetraamminohydroxide; said basic and acidsalts and complex salts include sodium hydrogen sulfate, potassiumhydrogen sulfate, lithium hydrogen sulfate, calcium hydrogen sulfate,barium hydrogen sulfate, magnesium hydrogen sulfate, sodiumhydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, lithiumhydrogencarbonate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, barium hydrogencarbonate,magnesium bicarbonate, basic calcium carbonate, basic magnesiumcarbonate, aluminum magnesium carbonate, potassium aluminum sulfate andpotassium iron sulfate; wherein said hydroxides may be replaced bycorresponding carbonates, basic carbonates, basic sulfates and basicchloride, which includes ferrous carbonate, iron carbonate, manganesecarbonate, basic cobalt acid, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate,basic aluminum magnesium carbonate, basic ferric sulfate, polyferricchloride, oxy basic ferric sulfate, basic copper sulfate, basic copperchloride, basic manganese sulfate, basic manganese chloride, basiccobalt sulfate, basic cobalt chloride, polymeric aluminum sulfate andpolymeric aluminum-ferric chloride.
 17. A preparation method of thepurificant according to claim 14, wherein the solid product of saidpurificant is obtained by mixing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, cobaltsulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate and copper sulfatepentahydrate respectively with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide in amixing reactor at a mole ratio of about 1:1:3, and being dried andactivated after mixing reaction.
 18. A preparation method of thepurificant according to claim 14, wherein said purificant is obtained bymixing ferrous carbonate, manganese carbonate and basic copper carbonaterespectively with potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and water in amixing reactor at a mole ratio of about 1:2:2:6, and being dried andactivated after mixing reaction.
 19. A preparation method of thepurificant according to claim 14, wherein said purificant is obtained bymixing the solutions (about 50% water) of ferrous chloride, ferricchloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride and copper chloriderespectively with sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate in a mixingreactor at a mole ratio of about 1:2:2, and being dried and activatedafter mixing reaction.
 20. A preparation method of the purificantaccording to claim 14, wherein said purificant is obtained by mixingferrous sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, manganesesulfate tetrahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate and potassiumhydroxide in a mixing reactor at a mole ratio of about 1:1:1:1:1:8, andthen adding and mixing calcium sulfate dihydrate with an amount equal to15% of the gross mass amount of total material to the mixture, and thenbeing preformed to the shape of honeycomb cylinder, and finally beingdried and activated.
 21. A preparation method of the purificantaccording to claim 14, wherein the mole ratio of sulfates, chlorides andcarbonates of component L to the hydroxides of sodium, potassium,lithium of component B and/or the oxides and hydroxides of calcium,barium and magnesium of component B is 1:0.1 or more; the mole amount ofthe addition of said water is 1 to 20 times of the total amount of thematerial, and no water or less water is needed for hydrate compounds ofsaid sulfates, chlorides and carbonates.
 22. A preparation method of thepurificant according to claim 14, wherein a molding agent is addedbefore drying process, which includes one or any two or more of oxidesand hydroxides and sulfates and carbonates of component F and allrelated acid or basic or polymeric compounds or complex salts orcoordination compounds, clay and silicate, such as calcium silicate,magnesium silicate or aluminum silicate, with an addition amount of1-85% of total volume.
 23. (canceled)
 24. A preparation method of thepurificant according to claim 14, wherein the purificant may be moldedto the shapes of honeycombs, plates or granules; or loaded on ageneral-purpose catalyst carrier such as alumina particles or honeycombceramics.
 25. A purification method of the purificant according to claim1, wherein both said purificant and a gas stream containing nitrogenoxide are introduced into a gas-solid reactor, in which nitrogen oxidein the gas stream are removed by gas-solid adsorption reaction with thepurificant; said gas-solid reactor includes fixed bed, moving bed,bubbling bed reactor, fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bedgas-solid contact reactor; and the working temperature of the purificantis from 150 to 550° C.
 26. A regeneration method of the purificantaccording to claim 1, wherein said purificant is regenerated in an inertgas or air or in the presence of a reducing agent, said reducing agentincludes hydrogen, methane, ammonia or urea and carbon monoxide; and theregeneration temperature of the purificant is 150° C. or higher.